…something is missing from many applications: a class ranking, once a major component in admissions decisions…In
the cat-and-mouse maneuvering over admission to prestigious colleges
and universities, thousands of high schools have simply stopped
providing that information, concluding it could harm the chances of
their very good, but not best, students.
One college administrator notes:
"The less information a school gives you, the more whimsical our
decisions will be," he said. "And I don’t know why a school would do
that."
Here is the full article. As implied, colleges will still form rough expectations of what your rank would be. Given this response, we can see at least one reason why parents, and thus high schools, might prefer a fuzzy or ambiguous class ranking to a definite one.
Let us say your kid is smart but has a small chance of making it into a top school. At Yana’s high school (Woodson, in Fairfax) I’ve seen folders of students with 4.0 and 1600 SAT scores who did not get into Harvard or Yale. Getting into those places has elements of a crapshoot. You are gambling, with the odds against you, and a payoff varying only at some threshold level of success (i.e., getting in is what matters; if your kid doesn’t get in, it doesn’t matter how close he came.) Those are the classical conditions where the gambler prefers to take more risk. On the upside, your chance of getting in goes up and on the downside, the longer left-hand tail doesn’t hurt you.
Consider an analogy and assume I am trying to date Salma Hayek. Should I tell her what car I own (GeoPrizm, basically the same as a Toyota Corolla), or should I be vague? Now Salma is no dummy. If I am vague, she will not infer that I own a Rolls-Royce. But a GeoPrizm is clearly below her cut-off point, so with vagueness there is at least some chance she will not nix me right off the bat.
When I was a kid, a great resume meant you could go to Brown (and you only needed a Cadillac to date Raquel Welch). There was less reason to be ambiguous about class rank, as vagaries could hurt your chances in a very real way. You started off with something to lose, and being fifth in your class put you in pretty good stead.
Natasha tells me that many good law schools no longer provide class rank for their students. Is the same mechanism at work here, with many people chasing after a few hard-to-get plum jobs? Can you think of other examples where the principle of deliberately ambiguous rankings applies? Can this rationalize grade inflation?















Is this perhaps a result of grade inflation? I think it used to be much rarer for a student to have a 4.0 and a 1600.
It’s a curious kind of inflation, in which there is an absolute upper limit–kind of like price controls that set an absolute ceiling.
Rolls Royce?
Surely Hayek has better taste than that. Say, a Porsche or a Bugatti?
It indeed is likely that a similar mechanism is why some law schools no longer issue class rankings. Recent years have seen the development of a caste system in the increasingly glutted legal profession. A comparatively small percentage of law school graduates get high-paying, prestigious jobs with top law firms, while most graduates have to scuffle around in the hopes of making a lower-middle-class living. Because law schools love to brag about the high salaries their graduates earn, they’re willing to do whatever is necessary to boost graduate earnings, which may include being vague about class rankings for the reasons you have outlined.
FYI, the SATs are now out of 2400, so a 1600 SAT is actually not so hot. They changed it two years ago, possibly just to make us old fogeys look dumb when we cite our out-of-1600 scores.
This is all part and parcel of the ridiculous tendency to devalue what objective universal measures there do exist, namely the SAT and achievement tests. Throw in grade compression in both high schools and colleges and you really hurt many of the best students.
Without class rank, getting straight A’s becomes even more important, which penalizes kids who are really bright but who bomb a tough class or two in a very good school.
At Caltech and MIT, I think that for internationals (who are judged by a much higher standard than domestic applicants) success in International Math or Physics Olympiads is almost necessary since these are so tough and discriminating.
Of course, all of this is made worse by the fact that HYP reject 4.0 1600 students for some 3.5 1400 kid with “good ECs” and “leadership potential.” Leaving aside whether this is even desirable, I have seen no study that corroborates their claim that they can in fact SPOT leadership or creativity in hs students. And let’s not get into the disease of sports, legacies and AA.
Someday a super elite school will form which will only judge on academic, objective criteria but until then, we have the revenue max weirdness of Ivy League college admissions which are nothing like GRAD school admissions to those same schools. [Try telling Princeton Econ that you should get into their Phd program because you did community service and acted in a film even though your GRE Math is 650.]
There is a paper by W. Chan, H. Li, W. Suen that explains grade inflation in colleges along the lines of your post. Link here: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=336880
It is optimal for colleges to inflate the grades in order to introduce noise in the signal about the quality of their students when employers cannot tell whether a school has good students or gives easy grades. The top students are hurt, but many more mediocre ones are helped. And once a school inflates the grades, others have incentives to do so.
I do not recall exactly, but I believe their argument depends on employers behaving competitively. I am not sure the same argument would hold at the high school level with extremely picky colleges. To build on your example, just as Salma Hayek could demand any dating applicant to disclose the quality of their car without being worried she might end up without a date, Harvard could demand high school rankings and reject any applicant coming from high schools that do not provide them. I suspect high schools do not provide them precisely because Harvard does not want them.
Who’s going to rank the high schools?
I went to a similar program (to NCSSM) in Texas. We didn’t give ranks, but did GPA’s. Besides discipline, our Deans were responsible for flying out to alternate coasts to explain the program to adcoms. So, it was a two-part strategy: lessen the GPA impact on the middle-class, and work the committees for the super-achievers. Very responsible, now that I think about it.
I think a lot of people agree that the SAT is not very representative. And the addition of another 800 points of writing didn’t do much to help. From what I recall, I had plenty of time to check my work, so it might be acceptable to simply add more questions. On the other hand, I wouldn’t want them to make it like the GRE, where speed trumps all reason.
Also, undergrad admissions at the elite is as much about passion and drive as it is about “EC’s”, these days. Those are the things that will get you through college.
That student with 1600 SATs and a 4.0 GPA who doesn’t get into Harvard or Yale can count himself lucky. I feel sorry for those deluded students who think that they’re going to get the best possible education at an Ivy League school. Far better to go to a smaller, less prestigious college where you’re actually going to meet the professor. I once had the opportunity to read the freshman English reading list at Brown–practically all feminists and queer studies, with nothing written before about 1970. Compare this to my the reading list at my own alma mater (University of the South in Sewanee, TN), where we read a Shakespeare play every two weeks, with a generous serving of 15-19th century English poetry. Which school do you think better serves its students?
“Far better to go to a smaller, less prestigious college”
The less prestigious college does crap for you when you are trying to get a high paying job.
“This is all part and parcel of the ridiculous tendency to devalue what objective universal measures there do exist, namely the SAT and achievement tests.”
Oh, JN … I am an achievement-test expert. I scored 34 on the ACT back when 35 was the top score, 1510 on the SAT, 2240 on the GRE, 169 on the LSAT, and except for some night-before on the LSAT, I never cracked a test-prep book, let alone a Kaplan course. Not perfect scores, but enough to pay my tuition wherever I went, and to win fellowships from grad schools.
But I’m also lazy and procrastinating and too inclined to think I can do everything at the last minute, traits which impaired my GPA, as they should have.
Achievement tests are “objective,” perhaps, but they leave out a lot.
Don’t forget Montgomery Blair in Maryland among the magnets.
IIRC they sent a letter with your college applications describing the program, but this was 10 years ago, I don’t know what they do now. My sub 3.0 would have kept me out of an Ivy, but Carnegie Mellon didn’t seem to mind. Of course Carnegie Mellon also didn’t inflate grades like the Ivys so maybe they had some sympathy.
At my Top Law School That Does Not Rank (Penn), there was never any indication that it was to “fool” employers. Almost everyone got a good enough job.
What chosing not to rank did, though, was to do away with the need to compete. We were all students learning together, not competing for a slot. Everyone was happy to share notes or outlines. Lots of inclusive study groups. It just made Law School a much better experience.
People who want to rank want school to be a competition rather than a learning experience. But it doesn’t have to be.
Tyler,
Check out my paper (joint with Michael Schwarz) on this topic.
http://faculty-gsb.stanford.edu/ostrovsky/papers/disclosure.pdf
Best,
Michael
Here’s a thought.
Practices such as vagueness on class rank and grade inflation are actually services that educators use to compete against each other and justify higher educational expenditures. In other words, part of the higher cost of education is the value added by grade inflation et al.
“This is all part and parcel of the ridiculous tendency to devalue what objective universal measures there do exist, namely the SAT and achievement tests. Throw in grade compression in both high schools and colleges and you really hurt many of the best students.”
You may think that “objective universal measures exist,” but it seems to me that the market says that they don’t. Who am I to say that the top schools aren’t making rational choices? After all, their students do well enough, and if their students weren’t doing well, the market for admissions would be correcting itself in due fashion.
In fact it is. Small liberal arts colleges have seen a real explosion in popularity in the last decade. Yes, the Ivy League schools are getting more competitive every year too, but the rate of change is a lot faster among small schools. My school, Carleton in Minnesota, has seen its acceptance rate drop from nearly 50% to under 30% in five years. Increasingly accessible information has made a big difference for very good schools that, for various reasons, often weren’t on the radar for many high school students.
Personally, of the few people at Carleton whose test scores or high school rank I know, I see relatively little correlation with how they’ve done, academically or otherwise. The best determinants are usually where they went to high school and what advanced coursework was available to them. But the truth is, schools of any size do the most to serve their students, and produce the best students, when their students have diverse backgrounds and provide an effective learning environment. Any school that didn’t take those things into consideration would be quickly on the road to failure.
Too many people here misunderstand that top schools do what they precisely because of how the real world works, not in spite of it.
jn: Taking things other than grades and SATs into account for undergraduate admission is not ridiculous precisely because graduate and undergraduate programs are not, as you imply, analogous. Graduate programs exist to train people in narrow specializations and, therefore, are going to admit on the basis of criteria which speak to people’s ability to succeed in those narrow ways. Most undergraduate schools (in America, anyway) are looking at a much broader educational experience, involving not just your major but a broad spectrum of academics, and not just academics but a whole-person cultivation. Their cultures and extracurricular offerings are, in fact, part of how they distinguish themselves in the market. Therefore it makes sense for them to admit people based on criteria which speak to their ability to succeed in, and contribute to, the whole culture.
badidea: You had plenty of time to check your work, but I spent a summer teaching SAT prep, so do believe me when I say that you are very much in the minority. Most students do not have time to finish or, if they have, they have not done their work with any sort of care. Adding more questions would help to discriminate scores at the high end (where I suspect you, and most MR readers, cluster), but it would be meaningless if not counterproductive as far as most test-takers are concerned.
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