Results for “licensing”

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A lot of people think you have no right to criticize a bill unless you propose a better bill.  I don't agree (if the aforementioned bill is bad on net), but in any case I will give this a try.  These are not my first best reforms or even my second best reforms.  They're my "attempt to work with some of the same moving pieces which are currently on the table" set of reforms.  I would trade away the Obama bill for these in a heart beat.  Keep in mind people, with a "no insurance" penalty of only $750, the current bill isn't going to work (and that's ignoring the massive implicit marginal tax rates on many individuals and families, or the "crowding out" of current low-reimbursement-rate Medicaid patients), so we do need to look for alternatives.

Here goes:

1. Construct a path for federalizing Medicaid and put it on a sounder financial footing; call that the "second stimulus" while you're at it.  It's better and more incentive-compatible than bailing out state governments directly and the program never should have been done at the state level in the first place.

2. Take some of the money spent on subsidizing the mandate and put it in Medicaid, to produce a greater net increase in Medicaid than the current bill will do, while still saving money on net.  Do you people like the idea of a public plan?  We already have one! 

2b. Make any "Medicare to Medicaid" $$ trade-offs you can, while recognizing this may end up being zero for political reasons.

3. Boost subsidies to medical R&D by more than the Obama plan will do.  Establish lucrative prizes for major breakthroughs and if need be consider patent auctions to liberate beneficial ideas from P > MC.

4. Make an all-out attempt to limit deaths by hospital infection and the simple failure of doctors to wash their hands and perform other medically obvious procedures.

5. Make an all-out attempt, working with state and local governments (recall, since the Feds are picking up the Medicaid tab they have temporary leverage here), to ease the spread of low-cost, walk-in health care clinics, run on a WalMart sort of basis.  Stepping into the realm of the less feasible, weaken medical licensing and greatly expand the roles of nurses, paramedics, and pharmacists.

6. Make an all-out attempt, comparable to the moon landing effort if need be, to introduce price transparency for medical services.  This can be done.

7. Preserve current HSAs.  The Obama plan will tank them, yet HSAs, while sometimes overrated, do boost spending discipline.  They also keep open some path of getting to the Singapore system in the future.

8. Invest more in pandemic preparation.  By now it should be obvious how critical this is.  It's fine to say "Obama is already working on this issue" but the fiscal constraint apparently binds and at the margin this should get more attention than jerry rigging all the subsidies and mandates and the like.

9. Establish the principle that future extensions of coverage, as done through government, will be for catastrophic care only.

10. Enforce current laws against fraudulent rescission.  If these cases are so clear cut and so obviously in the wrong, let's act on it.  We can strengthen the legal penalties if need be.

11. Realize that you cannot tack "universal coverage" (which by the way it isn't) onto the current sprawling mess of a system, so look for all other means of saving lives in other, more cost-effective ways.  If you wish, as a kind of default position, opt for universal coverage if the elderly agree to give up Medicare, moving us to a version of the Swiss system and a truly unified method of coverage.  But don't bet on that ever happening.

Separate issues:

12. If you can tax health insurance benefits and cut a Pareto-improving deal overall, fine, but I am considering this to be too politically utopian and it's not clear what the rest of that deal looks like.  The original tax break makes no economic sense but you don't want to end up with a big tax increase and a lot more people on the public books with little in return.

13. If the current bill were voted down, you can imagine some version of the above happening, although not necessarily all at once in one big bill.

14. Commission a study of how much the Obama plan is spending per QALY saved.  I agree that more health insurance saves lives, but a) the study should adjust appropriately for the superior demographics of those who hold or buy insurance, and b) the study should adjust for the income that would be lost through mandates and the safety that income would purchase.  I worry greatly that we have never, ever seen this number presented and that if we did it would not be pretty.  In any case, do the study, scream the number from the rooftops, and reread points 1-11.  Enact.

That's my recipe.  It's better than what we are doing now.  You don't have to adhere to any extreme form of economistic or free market ideology to buy it.  It might even be politically easier than the current path, as it "sounds less socialistic."

Greg Mankiw has an interesting column on the public plan option; you've already seen related points on his blog and on MR.

Today I'm interested in a slightly different question, namely the potential benefits of monopsony.  Imagine a benevolent single buyer of health care services.  Forget about whether or not it could be a government; let's just focus on the logic of the model.  I can think of a few scenarios:

1. The buyer bargains down price and suppliers in turn lower quantity.

2. The buyer bargains down price and the monopolizing suppliers respond by expanding quantity.  The monopsonist moves us to a more competitive solution.  Note that under this option the direct institution of more competition could have the same effects.

If #2 is true, you might expect supply restrictions to be an important issue.  That is, the people who favor monopsony should also favor greater competitiveness on the supply side.  Yet this does not seem like a current priority.  I hardly ever see talk of deregulating medical licensing, allowing paramedics and nurses to perform more basic medical functions, or abolishing other entry restrictions.  I do recall that an earlier version of Obama's plan, struck down by Congress, would have created a nationwide insurance market.  There was no big fight, either in the administration or in the blogosphere.

Those who favor monopsony might have another model in mind.  In this model there are many medical suppliers but each supplier still has a fair degree of ex post monopoly power.  Search costs, non-transparency, lock-in, and consumer irrationality can generate this kind of result.  And in these models allowing for more entry needn't much help the basic problem.

Under #2, which other policies will help set this market right?  What are the possible policy substitutes for monopsony?

And in #2, what happens if a monopsonist third party payer bargains prices down?  What are the offsetting quality responses?  Are monopsonists good at bargaining for higher levels of quality?  Or might the all-in-one, bureaucratic nature of the monopsonistic enterprise mean that the monopsonist is very good at bargaining over price (measurable) and very bad at bargaining over quality (harder to measure and verify and we already know there is irrationality, non-transparency, lock-in, etc).

If we put monopsony in place, can a version of the Card-Krueger monopsony model apply to medicine, namely a welfare-improving minimum wage for doctors, albeit at a very high level?  That would mean we don't want the monopsony to economize on how much we spend on health care. 

For all the recent writings on health care, these questions remain underexplored.  Comments are open, but today I'm not interested in the usual bickering about public vs. private sector.  I'd like to hear about the logic of monopsony.