Why hasn’t labour successfully colonised the non-manufacturing world, outside of the public sector?
Read the comments to her post, but I see a few major hypotheses:
1. It is now easier to fire people who try to organize unions. Remember Reagan and the air traffic controllers?
2. Marginal products are easier to measure and markets are more competitive than in times past. This lowers the scope for unions as a means of increasing the bargaining power of labor.
3. Physical capital — especially in service sectors — is less fixed than in previous times. If workers organize, the capital will move to another sector or nation. In contrast an auto plant is hard to move out of Michigan.
4. Government regulations, and superior market institutions for risk-sharing, render unions less necessary.
5. In the service sector the distinction between "management" and "labor" is more blurred than in traditional manufacturing firms. Yes you have lawyers and secretaries, but the class of manual laborers who spend their lives with a single firm is smaller than in times past.
It remains a puzzle to me why unions are so strong in Hollywood, suggestions are welcome, I have turned on the comments if you have any ideas on this.
And unions are strong in grocery chains, where their delay tactics can be very costly in rotting food!
Hollywood unions are a very different animal. They are more like a guild then a union. They also create a system where all employeers face the same costs structure. Autos unions are like this, but film makers are not faced with competiton from producers with lower costs. If Hollywood faced low costs foreign competition the system would change.
Hollywood and much of the tech industry work on a very similiar pattern where everything is organized around a project -film — rather then a flow process. So I wonder if tech workers should not look at the Hollywood system as a way of organizing.
Reagan’s firing of the ATCs was, in retrospect, a seminal moment: cmparable, perhaps, to Margaret Thatcher’s crushing of Arthur Scargill’s coal-mining union in Great Britain a few years later. Howevr, I doubt anyone would have characterized either of those moves as “easy.”
When I was growing up, it was considered axiomatic that you had to negotiate with the unions–especially public-service unions, and *especially* public-service unions engaged in essential activities–which led to a gross asymmetry in leverage between the unions and their employers.
I remember John Lindsay, when he was mayor of New York, acceding to essentially all the demands of the police and fire unions, which led to the unions being the only organizations essentially immune from budgetary control–which, in turn, led in more or less a straight line to the New York near-bankruptcy in 1974-1975.
Tyler:
I think you hit the nail on the head with #5. The labor-management dichotomy loses all meaning when labor believes it will BE management in a few years…
Even the entertainment business is becoming less unionized, as much of its work is now done outside Hollywood. Much of it in Canada.
The reason for the demise of unions in the private sector is simple, they do more harm to, than good for, workers. In the construction trades they rob the ‘apprentices’ blind.
Hollywood unions are strong (in addition to a few reasons above) because the workers in HW gain *more* with unionization. Workers in HW are like independent contractors – they work for a number of companies on teams that change constantly. The union is a constant presence in their lives and a constant representative of all workers to the studios, providing the advantages of both aggregation and flexability. Another reason for their persistance may be the historic sympathy that HW has for workers rights.
Actors are more sensitive to public opinion than other professionals. If there is widespread public disapproval of crossing picket lines, an actor’s career will suffer if he does so. Individual manufacturing workers have little to lose from public disapproval.
As a past member of a printing Union, I can say that from my experience:
1) Unions are extremely easy to (and are) corrupt. Union management is an entrenched oligarchy, whose only goal is their own survival.
2) Unions cost workers a significant amount ($60 bucks out of every paycheck!), but offer very little. A 401k or investing your money yourself you will do much better then the union pension plan (which the unions raid, or use to enrich themselves.)
3) Access to education, news and information (hot jobs?) and a competitive job market means that workers can switch industries, companies and locations very easily. When compared to the 1930′s.
Unions are an antiquated 19th century concept that has failed to adapt to the modern job market.
As I see it, unions offer a bargain of safety, security, and stability to the worker in exchange for money and freedom. The problem for unions today is that they are no longer cost effective. Unions no longer seem like the best way to protect oneself and one’s family in a rapidly changing world where there is increased mobility for both jobs and workers. Most younger workers would rather have the money and the freedom to adapt as conditions change rather than be stuck in an industry that could be obsolete in a decade.
The situation with Hollywood has much to do with a limited market for the primary goods – TV and movies. However, this is changing as we get more and more channels, companies film outside of Hollywod, and it gets cheaper to produce video.
Other union industries are slowly losing out to automation and price competition. Hollywood is heading the same way, it’s just a lot tougher to “simulate” an actor. But every year they get closer to doing it. In the meantime, lower priced (some even non-union!) actors will continue to destroy the pricing ability of the Hollywood unions. I give it a decade to be obvious what is happening and two decades for it to be mostly complete.
The mobility of capital wouldn’t seem to affect the position of unions in the service sector, since it’s hard to “offshore” a nursing home or burger joint to Mexico.
Taft-Hartley’s legal prohibitions of many of the successful labor tactics of the 1930s–boycott and sympathy strikes, especially–and federal acts prohibiting strikes in various transportation industries might have something to do with the difficulty of winning a labor dispute.
Well, home construction, and the so-called “litigation problem” with defective homes proves point 4 wrong. States where anyone can pick up a hammer have much higher problems with defective homes than states where there are certification and regulations of just who can be building houses. States like TX and CA have high rates of lawsuits, and states like IL have low rates of “defective house” suits. Instead of addressing the real issue: untrained and/or incompetant workers, the public rallying cry is “tort reform.” Similar issues of getting the worst 20-50 doctors per state out of the market. Which would do a far better job at reducing malpractice than any form of “tort reform.”
OK. Theoretically, point 4 is correct, but as a country we have been going out of our way to eliminate regulations.
I would propose a point 6 for your list:
Advertising and Marketing. Marketing has made it seem that only unions can be corrupt (selective amnesia renders the words enron and worldcomm both invisible and inaudible). Every sample/anecdote of a corrupt union/union_official is well mentioned, but mentioning a corrupt mismanager is erased (except in dilbert cartoons). The term for that is “selection bias.” Marketing does such an effective job at controlling thought, that the word “reform” when added to anything makes you stop thinking about what is actually going to happen.
The guild system of the middle ages mutated into the union movement. If you look at why guilds disappeared, you would identify why unions are withering away as well.
Hypothetical situation:
I build a house. The house is located in TX. I (or the folks I hired) did a bad job making the roof. The roof leaks. Carpeting and interior walls are damaged (ever see what happens to sheetrock when it gets wet?). What are my legal liabilities to fix the problems I caused? After “tort reform” all I am liable for is fixing the roof. Not replacing the carpeting. Not fixing the walls. Nothing but the roof. As a result, I have very little incentive to hire decent workers, or to make sure they do a proper job.
Unions succeed in Hollywood for two reasons.
1. It’s full of lefties who like the idea of union membership.
2. It’s all mobbed up.
u kno ive heard a lot on labor unions and i think urs sucks and its all bull crap
-Obie Trice
yo dis da game and me and da streets of compton agree wit 50 and obie
-The Game & the streets of Compton
We all declare for liberty, but in using the same word we do not all mean the same thing. The constitution of the United States of America is not designed to be something that would protect the working-class in America. The problems and conflicts contrary to the working-class interests in our constitution are the defensive articles for corporate rights and private property. These articles in our constitution not only limit the ability of the working-class, but defend the capitalist structure which works contrary to the people it is suppose to represent. The constitution defends the ruling-class of America and the quest for profit over human needs. To this day the labor movement has relied on the law created by the ruling-class to operate in. This structure is designed to reduce the threat of a revolution against the current system in America. The ruling-class of America has been preparing their long term strategy against the working-class while distracting them with trivial short term tactics within this structure. Since the labor movement began it’s path away from true unionism and social justice it has been on set back after another for the working-class in America.
Today we rely on this structure of laws as a means of meaningless power and false protection. These laws are often used against us and offer no real protection and only a false since of power to the working-class. The laws within this structure are tested and attacked every year since their passage to distract and weaken further and movement within this country. Instead of keeping the mission of the union and economic freedom from exploitation and slavery by the means of market wages, the America unions made the wrong decisions for the movement which ultimately effect the change of all social movements within the working-class in America. They moved to support this structure of laws to operate within and the era of partnership with the ruling-class was born. In the end as a total change came to it’s final day of victory the leaders of the labor movement feared the rise of this revolution that was swelling within the working-class in the mid 1900′s. They feared what they created as a threat to their new personal wealth and power they had achieved from the movement’s progress against the ruling-class.
Today we now see the betrayal and the results of this mistake of greed in our country. There can never be a brotherhood of labor and capital. They are forever two opposing forces working against one another. There is no law or any type of reform that will ever help the movement. These things operate within a capitalist law structure and provide only temporary gains and solutions to the larger problem. Today, it is not in the interest of the labor movement’s leadership to change this system. They have gained to much from their bureaucratic system that they built around them at the expense of the movement. The New Deal legislation is a clear understanding of this process to transform the movement into a controled entity. This is an example of the betrayal to the working-class. It is very negative to the movement’s political power and potential.
The ideology behind accepting these traps is to endorse and accept the present system of capitalism while attempting to reform a system that can’t operate in the interests of the working-class. Forced to limit strikes and operate within boundaries of this structure the unions watch as their solidarity and membership decline. The Taft-Hartley Act simply expanded on the attacks against the working-class. Part of the capitalist ruling-class long term strategy, this slave legislation only added more fuel to the fire and stopped any potential movement against the current system. Unions began losing far left thinking leaders and members durning the Cold War as a result, this tearing down of the movement continues today as a threat to the current leaders bureaucratic control. Leaders and officials within the movement labeled communist or socialist where removed by force from their offices under this deception of the ruling-class and their lieutenants in power over the labor unions. This deprived the labor movement of the last elements of building a revolution against capitalism within the labor unions of America.
Now we sit idle and watch the corporations control the very soul and direction of the labor movement. To this day the labor unions in America hold on to the capitalist Democratic Party and operate within this structure. They continue to act as lap dogs and house slaves to a corrupt two party system of capitalist rule. Labor gives te capitalist system a fear far greater than any market drop. The labor movement has potential to lead the many other social movements in America to challenge the very existance of capital, this is why they place priority on this strategy and fear solidarity above any threat. Trapped within a controlled structure of rules, laws and bureaucracy unions are sustained in an immobilised state. Only through radical change can this be stopped. The laws are stacked against the working-class in order to protect capitalism and the ruling-class. Everyday new laws are introduced that in some manner expand their power and their control over the working-class.
The biggest defeat of labor within this structure was the inability to strike at will over any injustice in the workplace. The corrupt bureaucratic structure of the NLRB and the union leadership stop any real progress toward change. It must start from the movement first, there will never be a real change so long as the cast and solid influence of the union bureaucrats remain unchallenged and unhurt. The movement’s leaders run the unions from the top down, this control is the first obstacle in the way of breaking out of the structural prison built around the working-class in America.
Neither constitutions, nor bills of rights, republics, nor constitutional monarchies can ever make men free as long as their livelihoods are at the mercy of a small class which holds sway over the means of life. Workers of the world unite!
Hollyweird Unions are a cunard and blackmail at best. Just as Stalin and the famous ” You’ll never work in Hollywood” is even more prevalent today from the casting couch to the exclusion of other political, faiths, and philosopfical ideologies. The mere fact that hollyweird ” blackballs ” the political right and scripts anti Christian stories clearly demonstrates how the Unions are controlled by bigots and racists on the left. Notice from The Left Wing ( West Wing ) and other ole boy circles exempts the vast majority of Americana to the Union bosses corrupt rise of mind think. When was the last time anyone saw a program dipecting non left wingers or non liberal Jews as the mainsream thought?
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One big reason is that they have priced themselves out of a job. Most people nowadays do not support unions, and that is understandablr. High wages for poor products. Also corruption within the unions is rampant. In short, we don’t need unions. Why do you think so many companies are moving.
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