Does media bias affect voting? We address this question by looking at
the entry of Fox News in cable markets and its impact on voting.
Between October 1996 and November 2000, the conservative Fox News
Channel was introduced in the cable programming of 20 percent of US
towns. Fox News availability in 2000 appears to be largely
idiosyncratic. Using a data set of voting data for 9,256 towns, we
investigate if Republicans gained vote share in towns where Fox News
entered the cable market by the year 2000. We find a significant effect
of the introduction of Fox News on the vote share in Presidential
elections between 1996 and 2000. Republicans gain 0.4 to 0.7 percentage
points in the towns which broadcast Fox News. The results are robust to
town-level controls, district and county fixed effects, and alternative
specifications. We also find a significant effect of Fox News on Senate
vote share and on voter turnout. Our estimates imply that Fox News
convinced 3 to 8 percent of its viewers to vote Republican. We
interpret the results in light of a simple model of voter learning
about media bias and about politician quality. The Fox News effect
could be a temporary learning effect for rational voters, or a
permanent effect for voters subject to non-rational persuasion.
Here is the link and paper.
Perhaps part of the result comes from FOX News being more likely to enter markets where the number of Republicans has just increased.
I think Fox News largely does a great job of preaching to choir. If anything they do are succesful at “rallying the troops” come election time. I do not think that the conservative bias on that network is large enough to sway swing voters or those that are disinterested in politics.
MK: Surely you jest.
MK: Does it really matter whether Fox News is unbiased and the rest of the media is liberal, or Fox News is conservative and the rest of the media is unbiased, for the purposes of this study? The delta is basically all that’s being tested here. Unless you believe that Fox News is more liberally biased?
i love how it’s assumed to be preaching to the choir rather than exposing the liberal bias in the “mainstream” media. regardless of where exactly fox stands in the political spectrum, this study seems to suggest that the mainstream media generally increases democratic voting (fox might increase republican voting if the existing media were completely impartial, but that seems unlikely, and suggesting that the mainstream media increases republican voting, so that fox just increases that effect, seems laughable, which leaves the possibility that fox is undermining the ability of the mainstream media to increase votes for democrats).
Wow. So the most important factor that affected the voting patterns was the introduction of FOX News? The candidates, the economy, the issues etc. are meaningless. All hail FOX News!
Another good example of a meaningless study:
Every time I stub my toe, the Rockies win. Therefore, I must stub my toe more often so the Rockies will win more games.
eddie, ‘non-rational persuasion’ means what it sounds like: persuasion not directed towards the rational facilities — like an advertisement for beer featuring pictures of models in bikinis.
IMHO, most of the media is center left. This has been largely confirmed by polling of journalism students and the nature of reporting before Fox. Fox News is obviously a mixture of a bunch of conservative trends. They are adamantly in favor of the Bush administration, look at the way they interview the president and his staff. Tony Snow, Britt Hume, Bill O’Reily, Fred Barnes, Bill Kristol, Neil Kavuto, and even their a-political news anchors are all mostly to the right in some form or another. I would not say that Fox News tries to perputrate a coherent ideology in their reporting but they are certainly highly favorable to Republican ideologues and their officials in Washington. I think the biggest dead giveaway to Fox’s conservative bias is the fact that the few liberals on the network are incredibly soft(Juan Williams and Alan Colmes).
I agree with what neil said directly above. I also take issue with John Pertz’s statement that most media is “center-left” as confirmed by polling of the views of most reporters. This would be a valid statement if all reporters were as willing to show their views as FNC reporters, but most don’t. It seems their political views have the opposite effect as they try compensate for any real or imagined bias.
The media for the most part is center left. However, I guess I should get specific. CNN is center left, NY Times-center left, WSJ news division-center left, CBS-center left, WSJ editorial-libertarian, center-right, Wash Post-center left, Wash Times-center right, MSNBC-may be leaning more right than they did in the past in response to Fox’s success, ABC-center left, LA Times-center left, Chicago Trib-Center left. Now just because a news division is biased center left does not mean that they are anywhere near Foxnews in terms of bias, it just means they are bit more subtle about it. Oddly enough I took an economics of the media class that argued that all media in this country was right wing because it was owned by 10 large media firms.
However, I have a real hard time believing that when the only obviously right wing news outlets are Foxnews, WSJ editorial, and the Wash times. My teachers opinion was that because media in the U.S was owned by these large firms it was imposible to get radical views on the airwaves. In my mind all that ment was that the media certainly wasnt left, but that doesnt mean that it isnt center left.
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