The Gurkhas have been active in the British military since 1817 but they are not British citizens they are Nepalese hired by the British. In recent years the Gurkha brigades have served in the Falklands, Kosovo, Afghanistan and now Iraq. The Indian army and Singaporean police force also hire many Gurkhas.
The Gurkhas are unusual but not unique. The United Arab Emirates, where Tyler is now, relies almost exclusively on mercenaries. The French Foreign Legion continues to attract a small number of mercenaries from around the world. During the Vietnam war the United States paid the South Korean, Philippine and Thai governments for the use of troops – these were mercenaries paid by proxy.
Should we hire more mercenaries today? Our military already has hired more than thirty thousand non-citizens. Why not bypass residency entirely and go straight to Mexico, India and elsewhere to hire soldiers? If outsourcing is good for US firms then surely it is good for the US government.
Outsourcing the military has a number of advantages. The supply of labor is nearly limitless and the price is low. Some people will object that quality is low too but if Indians can be trained to do US tax returns they can be trained to fight US wars.
One reason the Gurkhas are among the most highly regarded troops in the world is that the entrance exam is extremely difficult – only 1 in 30 applicants makes the cut. The British can pick and choose because wages are high relative to the next best alternative (the Indian army picks up many of the British rejects). Meanwhile, we are so desperate for troops in the United States that we are forcing old men and women, people who haven’t seen active duty in forty years, back into service. At US wage rates we could easily hire many thousands of Mexicans. Many Mexican noncitizens are already
serving honorably in the US military so there is no reason for quality to decline.
Mercenarism may seem unusual today but in the 18th century a typical European army contained 20-30 percent
foreign troops – mercenarism was the norm. It’s hard to see how the United States has a comparative advantage in military labor so the future may resemble the past more than it does the present.
Comments are open.
Making war a commodity isn’t a good thing. Getting people to serve, no matter how grudgingly, is a way of “proving” a war is necessary.
I agree with Huggy. Unfortunately, mercenaries will only make it easier for presidents to to go to war. Low participation in a volunteer army is as good of an indication as any that a war is not supported by the people.
Otherwise, some president will just take out our taxpayer checkbook and hire a couple thousand poor Mexicans to protect Israel the next time they are threatened. HeHe
The good in question is security and not war. The war is a means to security. Therefore, if price of security falls, the quantity (and even quality) of security will rise.
I think it is a great idea to outsource security. Instead of begging governments around the world for help join the War on Terror, let’s go around and recruit their best!
If the marginal war (Iraq II, Vietnam) is a bad thing overall, then the problem is not that war is too expensive, but that it is too cheap.
Prof. Tabarrok — Sorry for going OT, but why haven’t we had more bounty-hunting posts? As I recall, there’s been just one so far. It was really interesting.
Until the mid 1990s, Filipinos were allowed to serve in the US Navy (only)and could earn green card status after lengthy and honorable service.
Filipinos are the most pro-American people in Asia and would be a natural recruiting place for the US military given the right screening and training.
Already many officers from foreign militaries are trained by the US military. I know that several (many?) of the Indian Navy’s Admirals are US trained. In that sense we’re already stitching together a military with low-cost-of-labor nations. They don’t have to be directly employed by the USA.
I’m also leary of having Mercs in the US army for another reason. Many of the US soldiers currently serving in Iraq support the action there because they themselves believe in the advance of freedom – a very American trait. I’m not sure that soldiers from a culture without the shared history of fighting for freedom would be as supportive.
I think the challenge with foreign mercs is the skillsets in demand by US armed forces. Why there still is plenty of “grunt work”, an increasing part of soldiering is high-tech (use of GPS and night vision devices, email, etc.) as well as highly specially trained (policing, demining, logistics, etc.)
It is one thing to outsource sewing t-shirts, quite another to outsource modern US soldiering.
Two of the most pressing security issues for the U.S. today are Iraq and the drug trade in northern Mexico. Mexican drug lords are hiring former elite Army commandos called Zetas as muscle for their operations. I’ve been wondering why the U.S. doesn’t try to eleveate two problems by outbiding the drug lords for the services of these Zetas and sending them to Iraq.
Deployed carefully, mercenaries could probably be helpful once you controlled for the skill-set and security problems, though that’s ultimately a decision that the individual services would have to make for themselves. On the other hand, given the global perception of America already as a fat lazy empire, hiring poor brown troops to fight our wars at a discount could make for some horrible PR.
The US already does hire a significant number of mercenaries. They’re just hired under different terminology: normally, “security firms”. (see, for instance, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/2004/iraq_securitycompanies.htm).
They don’t overtly admit that these groups get involved in open battles — but wander back through the headlines in Iraq and see how often employees of these firms are dying…
Lee Van Cleef’s character in The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly makes me weary of hiring mercs.
But, fictional cowboys aside, there are enormous efficiency gains to be made from hiring soldiers. I think the benefits significantly outweigh the costs. Increasing the standing army would act as a deterrent to war, particularly if the increases are made overseas. Gains in efficiency would also reduce the strain and commitment of the government.
I am saying this with an unjustified assumption in my head of what types of people hire themselves out as mercs. Maybe more analysis would quell the fears of merc cowardice, disloyalty, etc. Given the right incentives, I dont see a reason why Mercs cant perform as diligently as voluntary soldiers.
I also think the army produces a positive externality for society in that it keeps people that would otherwise be – I should choose my words carefully – unproductive off the street, so to speak. But the Army has standards, and also the incentives that it provides sometimes dont match up for could-be mercs, people with roughly the same disposition as voluntary soldiers.
Plus, since when isn’t labour flexibility a good thing?
Our local mercs in Dyncorps and other companies, providing security in Iraq and fighting the drug war in Colombia, are not cheap.
They often get 60K or more working half time.
In fact they are a drain on our Special Forces, offering much more pay for less work and more controllable working conditions.
US sells arms to other countries; so why not recruit soldiers from other countries! Looks like the good old comparatative advantage based trade to me!
Currently, over 37,000 active duty members of the armed forces are non-citizens out of a total of 1,414,000 men and women on active duty. In other words, about 2.6% of the United States military is made up of non-U.S. citizens. Likewise, about 11,800 members of the National Guard/Reserve are non-citizens out of a total of 1,353,000. This amounts to about .87% of our National Guard and Reserve being non-citizens. – http://www.house.gov/hostettler/News/Hostettler-news-2003-05-06-Military-Naturalization.htm
Josh: “Leery”, perhaps? (or, alternatively, “wary” would work, too!)
On topic, I’d like to note that the woman in her 50s whose active duty was in “the 60s” can only be called up because she’s either been in the reserves more recently or didn’t resign her commission (the article, being 60 Minutes, doesn’t bother to tell us which). And it can’t, in her case, have been 40 years, since she’s 55 now (or last year, when it was written), and she sure as hell didn’t retire as a CWO at 15.
And, of course, the people being reactivated like this are those who have training in important areas, and expertise. You can’t just hire that or train it into existence in six months. (Like our Chief Warrant Officer example; CWOs don’t grow on trees, and you can’t make a new one in even a few years.)
Sucky for those involved, and a good argument for a larger career force, but not any sort of argument for mercenaries, the question of loyalty completely aside.
I think I’ve stumbled upon Scrappleface by mistake.
We’ve already fought at least one war with Mexico, there’s Pancho Villa, El Plan de San Diego, etc. And, 58% of Mexicans think the U.S. southwest (what they call their “Lost Territories”) rightfully belongs to Mexico.
And, in recent news, there’s Los Zetas: U.S. trained Mexican troops who originally fought the drug war but who are now on the other side.
This is a libertarian site, right? That’s explains so much.
Frank,
I completely agree with you. Machiavelli is describing the American Left.
And, as anyone who has read about the era can tell you, pretty much everyone else had, by that point, adopted citizen armies like the ones Napoleon pioneered.
The exception was Britain, which finally gave up and adopted the citizen army model during WWI.
David:
“Napoleon lost the Napoleonic Wars, Steve.”
Steve:
“And, as anyone who has read about the era can tell you, pretty much everyone else had, by that point, adopted citizen armies like the ones Napoleon pioneered.”
If citizen armies are effective against private armies then the occupation of Iraq should be a cake walk, Steve.
Britain’s role against Napoleon’s Grand Armee was pivitol. As you note, Britian did not adopt the leve en masse until much later. And much of the navy that contained Bonaparte was merchant marine.
As long as we are mulling this over, how would you like to start with outsourcing the White House or the Congress? You could send the jobs to some place that has the necessary expertise. We could still vote for the President, just to adhere to the Constitution, and Congresspersons too, but otherwise provide their staff support from, say, Bangalore or Shenzhen. I think another good idea would be to offshore George Mason University’s faculty – lock, stock, and barrel. I think repotting those jobs in some land where English is not spoken might be beneficial to America.
Simply put, these Mexicans are not mercenaries.
A mercenary owes you his loyalty so long as his paychecks cash, and when his checks are stopped, he is gone.
These Mexicans are immigrants. When their time of service is over, they will likely swear alliegiance to the United States. If, God forbid, there is a draft, they too will be asked to prove their loyalty again.
If anything, these people have shown their loyalty not only above mercenaries, but above most of our liberals. I will be proud to call them my countrymen.
Sigavald – Leery will do just fine. Thanks.
TheJew – they most likely wouldn’t be ‘demand[ing] a period of indentured servitude’ but offering an alternative to the traditional route. Sort of like a fast track program. And I think this would appeal to alot of foreigners who might prefer serving in the US army as opposed to that of their home countries.
Britain lost the American War of Independence using mercenaries; Osama bin Laden is still on the loose because US troops were not committed to the Tora Bora attack. Dead mercenaries don’t pick up salary cheques & they are very aware of that so maybe they will lack enthusiasm?
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超声波测厚仪
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