Demand Media, a content mill
Via The Browser, this was an excellent article on one of the companies which manufactures superficial web content to draw interest from Google searches. Three bits:
On Jan. 25, Demand Media sold 8.9 million shares at $17 each in an initial public offering. The following day, the price rose 35 percent to $22.61, which would give the company a market capitalization of $1.9 billion, greater than New York Times Co.'s (NYT) value of $1.5 billion.
And:
Many analysts now say the best way to gauge a Web company's financial hardiness is to look not at page views or monthly unique visitors but at how much money it can generate from each user. Matthew Shanahan, senior vice-president of strategy for Web consulting firm Scout Analytics, says thriving digital ventures typically have a high ARPU (average revenue per user). Amazon.com (AMZN), for instance, makes on average $189 per unique user. Google (GOOG) takes in around $24. Web publishers, Shanahan says, tend to become reliably profitable at about $10 a user. Demand's average revenue per user currently hovers around $1.60.
And:
Last year, Demand Media executives told Wired magazine that the mechanized assignments generate 4.9 times more revenue than ideas generated by humans.
The company employs 13,000 freelancers.
China “tiger mother” fact of the day?
Under a proposal submitted last Monday by the Civil Affairs Ministry to China’s State Council, adult children would be required by law to regularly visit their elderly parents. If they do not, parents can sue them.
“Before, the courts did not accept this kind of lawsuit,” Wu Ming, a deputy inspector for the ministry, told The Legal Evening News this month. “But from now on, they will have to open up a case.”
It is not obvious that the proposal is going to pass:
“The national delegates are rational enough,” Mr. Jing said.
China, by the way, has the world's third highest elderly suicide rate. The article is interesting throughout.
*Selfish Reasons to Have More Kids*
The author is Bryan Caplan and the subtitle is Why Being a Great Parent is Less Work and More Fun Than You Think. Both were true for me and I predict at least one will be true for you. It is now available for pre-order on Amazon. And here is Bryan, new to Twitter.
Assorted links
1. The most exclusive university in the world?
2. Dating site for sea captains, and the site itself is here (possibly sketchy, one reader tells me). The captains are here. Lots of beards, and some strange requests.
3. The bestselling books in France, 2010.
4. Caplan and Wilkinson and the Libertarian challenge.
5. Why grain prices are high for Tunisians.
Median-itis and The Great Stagnation
Here is my NYT column from today, on themes relevant to The Great Stagnation. I won't rehash this entire discussion, but I would like to focus on this one column excerpt:
From 1947 to 1973 – a period of just 26 years – inflation-adjusted median income in the United States more than doubled. But in the 31 years from 1973 to 2004, it rose only 22 percent. And, over the last decade, it actually declined.
I am noticing that some reviews or commentaries (and here) are citing per capita income growth as a response to my argument. It is true that per capita income grows at a slower rate post-1973, but my argument is about the slowing down of median income growth and that is a much stronger shift. The productivity data also tell a glum story.
CPI bias can change those numbers in absolute terms (see comments from Russ Roberts), but it also changes the pre-1973 median income growth numbers and arguably more so. The gap remains and TGS refers to the living standard for the average person or household in the United States, not the total amount of innovation, which remains quite high. They're just not innovations with the same trickle-down or broad-based effects as in an earlier era.
Kindle eBooks are themselves a good example. It's a real improvement for a lot of us — especially travelers – but even the median reader, much less the median American, doesn't have a Kindle or buy eBooks. As I argued in The Age of the Infovore, the big gains of late have gone to the extreme information-processors.
I've seen in the MR comments (and elsewhere) a lot of anecdotal comparison of recent gains vs. earlier gains in technology. Don't we now have this, don't we now have that, and so on. Of course. Median incomes have risen somewhat. But, when it comes to the average household, the published numbers for median income are adding up and trying to measure those gains and it turns out their recent rate of growth really has declined. Most serious researchers who work in this area use and accept these numbers as the best available (though they do not in general advocate my causal interpretation; see for instance Mark Thoma or Jacob Hacker).
If the numbers for median income growth are low we ought to take that seriously, as does Scott Sumner. We are not cheerleaders per se (BC: "I'm baffled why Tyler would focus on slight declines in American growth when the world just had the best decade ever." Is it then wrong to focus on any other problems at all? I also was one of the first people to make the "best decade ever" argument, which I still accept.) Medians also matter for the political climate, even though the median earner is not exactly the median voter. Adam Smith's welfare economics was basically that of the median, a point which David Levy has made repeatedly.
I'm also being called a "pessimist" a lot. Yet in my view our current technological plateau won't last forever. That's probably more optimistic than the Hacker-Pierson approach, which requires a Progressive revolution in economic policy (unlikely), although it is not more optimistic than denying the relevance of the numbers.
I'll soon blog some remarks on changing household size as another attempt to avoid confronting the facts about slow median income growth.
The wisdom of Rocco Landesman
Speaking at a conference about new play development at Arena Stage in Washington on Thursday, Mr. Landesman, the chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts, addressed the problem of struggling theaters. “You can either increase demand or decrease supply,” he said. “Demand is not going to increase, so it is time to think about decreasing supply.”
Here are some of the responses from the sector:
“What does he mean there’s too much supply?!?” wrote Trisha Mead, the public relations and publications manager at Portland Center Stage in Oregon. “What does he mean we can’t increase demand?!? Who determines which theater companies are wheat and which are chaff?!?” In another post, Durango Miller, a playwright and director, said: “Why not just increase funding? Maybe the N.E.A. is outdated and should be replaced by another system for funding the arts in the United States. Or maybe the people who are running the N.E.A. should be replaced.”
Assorted links
1. More from Arnold Kling on The Great Stagnation.
2. Kevin Drum on the Kindle version.
3. Predictions about Egypt, from Egyptians, January 2010.
4. How good is Kobe Bryant in the clutch?
5. Markets in everything: Lie back and think of Mother England.
6. Critique of behavioral economics for not being behavioral enough, full paper here.
Five-year average productivity
That is from Paul Krugman. And from Krugman's source, Bart van Ark:
To conclude, there is good reason to adjust the long-term US productivity growth rate downwards.
My favorite things Egypt
1. Novel: I like all of the Mahfouz I have read, but the Cairo Trilogy is the obvious pick. Here is a very useful list of someone's favorite Egyptian authors and novels.
2. Musical CD: The Music of Islam, vol.1: Al-Qahirah, Classical Music of Cairo, Egypt. The opening sweep of this is a stunner, and it shows both the Islamic and European influences on Egyptian music. Musicians of the Nile are a good group, there is Hamza El Din, and there is plenty of rai. What else? I can't say I actually enjoy listening to Um Kalthoum, but her voice and phrasing are impressive.
3. Non-fiction book, about: Max Rodenbeck, Cairo: The City Victorious. Few cities have a book this good. There is also Dream Palace of the Arabs and Tom Segev's 1967. Which again is the really good book on the 1973 War?
4. Movie, set in: Cairo Time. This recent Canadian film avoids cliche, brings modern Cairo to life, and is an alternative to many schlocky (but sometimes good) alternatives, such as The Mummy, Death on the Nile, Exodus, Raiders of the Lost Ark, and so on. There is Agora. Egyptian cinema surely has masterpieces but I do not know them. If you're wondering, for books, I could not finish Norman Mailer's Ancient Evenings.
5. Favorite food: I was impressed by the seafood restaurants on the promenade in Alexandria. Food in Cairo did not thrill me, though I never had a bad meal there.
6. Philosopher: Must I say Plotinus? I don't find him especially readable.
7. City: I enjoyed Alexandria, but I can't say I liked Cairo beyond the museum (much better than any Egyptian collection outside of Egypt) and the major mosques. The Sphinx bored me. The air pollution prevented me from walking for more than an hour and there was cement, cement. and more cement. The ride between Cairo and Alexandria was one of the ugliest, most uninspiring journeys of my life. The Egyptians were nice to me but I never had the sense that anything beautiful was being done with the country. Let's hope that changes.
8. Opera, about: Philip Glass, Akhnaten. But wait, there's also Aida, with Callas. And there's Handel's Israel in Egypt. Handel set a lot of his operas in Egypt, including Berenice and Giulio Cesare.
Diane Rehm is Egyptian-American but I don't know her show. The new biography of Cleopatra is smooth but the narratives made me suspicious. Was Euclid Egyptian?
Egypt facts of the day
The Market Vectors Egypt Index (EGPT) ETF is down 20% since Jan. 14 and down 2.9% today on more than six times the daily average volume. Egypt’s credit-insurance costs have also spiked. According to Markit, a data provider, a credit-default swap to insure $10 million of Egyptian sovereign debt over five years has spiked 33% to $405,000. (Update: the CDS cost has jumped to $450,000 since this post was first made.) It may surprise, given what you see on TV, but that’s still cheaper than similar insurance for Portugal, Ireland and Greece.
The article is here. And:
The Nasdaq Israel Index (ISRQ) is down 1.2% today and 3% in the past 10 days.
*The Order of Public Reason*
That is the title, the author is Gerald Gaus of U. Arizona, and the subtitle is A Theory of Freedom and Morality in a Diverse and Bounded World. This is a big and ambitious work, broadly in the liberaltarian tradition, mixing Rawls and Hayek, pondering the implications of disagreement, and experimenting with the idea that morality itself has a coercive element. It is Gaus's attempt to lay out the proper foundations for a liberal society and he summarizes the hard-to-summarize book a bit here.
Also new on the market is Ronald Dworkin's Justice for Hedgehogs. I like the title and I like most of his previous books, but I am not finding this one rewarding to read. Here is one previous debate on related material.
Cutting off communications in Egypt
Jeff writes:
The government in Egypt is cutting off communications networks, including mobile phones and the Internet.
The decision to get out and protest is a strategic one. It’s privately costly and it pays off only if there is a critical mass of others who make the same commitment. It can be very costly if that critical mass doesn’t materialize.
Communications networks affect coordination. Before committing yourself you can talk to others, check Facebook and Twitter, and try to gauge the momentum of the protest. These media aggregate private information about the rewards to a protest but its important to remember that this cuts two ways.
If it looks underwhelming you stay home. And therefore so does everybody who gets similar information as you. All of you benefit from avoiding protesting when the protest is likely to be unsuccessful. What’s more, in these cases even the regime benefits enabling from private communication, because the protest loses steam.
Now consider the strategic situation when you lines of communication are cut and you are acting in ignorance of the will of others. The first observation is that in these cases when the protest would have fizzled, without advance knowledge of this many people will go out and protest. Many are worse off, including the regime.
The second observation is that even in those cases when protest coordination would have been amplified by private communication, shutting down communication may nevertheless have the same effect, perhaps even a stronger one. There are two reasons for this. First, the regime’s decision to shut down communications networks is an informed one. They wouldn’t bother taking such a costly and face-losing move if they didn’t think that a protest was a real threat. The inference therefore, when you are in your home and you can’t call your friends and the internet is shut down is that the protest has a real chance of being effective. The signal you get from this act by the regime substitutes for the positive signal you would have gotten had they not acted.
The other reason is that this signal is public. Everyone knows that everyone knows … that the internet has shut down. Instead of relying on the noisy private signal that you get from talking to your friends, now you know that everybody is seeing exactly the same thing and are emboldened in exactly the same way. This removes a lot of the coordination uncertainty and strengthens your resolve to protest.
I would add that today's autocracies hire consultants who advise them on how to best stifle political dissent. Clumsy errors are less common than in times past. That increases the likelihood that the Egyptian government sees these protests as very serious indeed.
Solving the fiscal crisis at the state level?
Moving to dispel claims that President Barack Obama was not born in Hawaii, his supporters in the state's legislature have introduced a bill that would allow anyone to get a copy of his birth records for a $100 fee.
The idea behind the measure is to end skepticism over Obama's birthplace while raising a little money for a government with a projected budget deficit exceeding $800 million over the next two years.
Here is more.
Egypt
There is some chance that 2011 will be the new 1989. Cutting off the internet should signal to the populace that matters are dire and thus it may prove counterproductive. Tullock might say it means they will start shooting soon. It is difficult to put together a "Favorite Things Egyptian," at least for this American, once you get past Mahfouz and music. Intellectually and culturally, Cairo has been punching below its weight for a long time. Fortunately, there has been a resurgence in Egyptian cinema since 2007. When I visited the country in the mid-1990s, I had an overwhelming impression of a cynical populace and a lot of cement. Timur Kuran's work will rise in status and importance. "Catch-up" remains the global story of the last ten to fifteen years.
Assorted links
1. The Economist reviews Timur Kuran's new book.
2. Scott Sumner buys a Kindle and reviews The Great Stagnation.
3. Forbes review of The Great Stagnation.
4. Ryan Avent review of The Great Stagnation.
5. David Brooks coverage of The Great Stagnation.