Claims about private color perception

“I would say recent experiments lead us down a road to the idea that we don’t all see the same colors,” Neitz said.

Another color vision scientist, Joseph Carroll of the Medical College of Wisconsin, took it one step further: “I think we can say for certain that people don’t see the same colors,” he told Life’s Little Mysteries.

One person’s red might be another person’s blue and vice versa, the scientists said. You might really see blood as the color someone else calls blue, and the sky as someone else’s red. But our individual perceptions don’t affect the way the color of blood, or that of the sky, make us feel.

Hard for me to judge, but you can read more here, if that click through doesn’t work for you use http://www.lifeslittlemysteries.com/117-if-blood-is-red-why-are-veins-blue.html, hat tip goes to The Browser.

*Face Value: The Entwined Histories of Money & Race in America*

That is the new book from Michael O’Malley, a colleague of mine in the history department.  Here is one of the book’s most controversial passages:

It should come as no surprise, then, to find that right-wing libertarians and proponents of the free market often tend to favor genetic accounts of identity.  The heroic individualism many libertarians imagine requires a self freed from all social constraints, but at the same time founded in nature — in natural rights and natural talents.  The libertarians account of individualism rests on imagining a person free of social and political power.  Ayn Rand’s The Fountainhead ends with her visionary ego-driven architect standing above the city: “there was only the ocean and the sky and the figure of Howard Roark.”  That is, nothing but nature and the heroic individual, standing above society: an intrinsic self entirely in possession of itself.  In this sense libertarianism embraces not freedom but a kind of genetic determinism, in which “merit” derives not from social whims but from intrinsic qualities and, again in which all hierarchies are “natural.”  Rand’s clunky Atlas Shrugged imagines a world in which all the creative and productive people have fled to a secret location, leaving the rest of us, “looters” and “parasites,” flailing helplessly like ants bereft of the queen.  Right-wing libertarianism in this way again bears a close relationship to its nineteenth-century antecedent, social Darwinism.  It stresses freedom, but also imagines nature as a set of stable confines and success as the proper reward for genetic superiority.

The book also offers an interesting discussion of the role of the gold standard in 19th century thought.  There are also sections which Brad DeLong would quote at length.

I was surprised to just learn that O’Malley has an interest in Eddie Lang.  I didn’t know anyone else still thought about Eddie Lang, there is YouTube here.

Very good paragraphs

From Timothy Taylor, spotted by Arnold Kling:

Through much of the 1990s, the ratio of owner’s equity to GDP fell, but in the early 1990s, that was partly a result of depressed regional real estate markets in certain states in the aftermath of the collapse of many savings and loan institutions in the late 1980s and early 1990s (which made the numerator of the ratio decline), and also a result of fast economic growth from the mid-1990s on (which made the denominator of the ratio rise). Again, the bottom line is that the spike in the total value of housing that ended around 2006 is well outside the post-World War II historical experience. And the drop since 2006 takes this ratio from by far its highest value since 1950 to by far its lowest value since 1950.

We are not as wealthy as we had thought.

What do John Roberts and Ben Bernanke have in common?

Their “simps” think they should have done better.  In their own, unconstrained models of the world, they each wish they could be doing better.  They each have refused to “do better” out of an understanding of limited institutional and moral capital.  They each are given relatively little epistemic deference by their critics on this point of omission.

They are each very smart men who were appointed by Republican Presidents.

There are some who understand Roberts but damn Bernanke for not “doing his job.”  I see fewer who understand Bernanke but damn Roberts for not “doing his job.”  You may think Bernanke has committed a worse sin of omission, or you may believe that BernankeApologetik is somehow a higher and more difficult art to master.

India markets in everything

Premarital investigations cost $200 to $400 and take seven to 10 days. Detectives follow the subject for 12 to 18 hours daily and chat up co-workers, domestic help and tradesmen under various pretexts. “Beware — your neighbor knows everything,” says Sanjay Singh, chief executive of New Delhi’s Indian Detective Agency. “Sometimes more than you know yourself.”

Particularly useful are fake marketing surveys. Enticed into participating with the promise of a free gift, sometimes something as modest as a bottle of shampoo, the subject or a neighbor may reveal a secret relationship or details of a would-be bride or groom’s late-night entertainment activities and smoking or drinking habits.

“People love freebies,” says Krishna Kumar, an Anapol Institute graduate. “Most fall for it hook, line and sinker.”

She worked at a computer company for four years before deciding detective work would be a lot more challenging. Women have a big advantage as sleuths because they’re non-threatening, can mingle better and are more intuitive, she says.

“I like doing premarital investigations best,” she says. “You’re watching someone go in a new direction, and your work could make or break their future.”

…Most premarital investigations are ordered by parents, although sometimes spouses-to-be want a little snooping done, including women keen to size up their prospective mothers-in-law in a society where it is common for couples to live with the husband’s extended family.

The story is here, and for the pointer I thank Vishal Ganesan.  Oh, and the results?:

According to detectives, investigations turn up significant problems in about 60% of cases. In about 10%, the discoveries are explosive enough — such as previously undisclosed marriages or serious hereditary diseases — to cause cancellation of the wedding.

For the caste-conscious, a hidden Dalit relative, or so-called untouchable, is also problematic. “Caste and dowries remain huge issues today, and people like to exaggerate,” says Sachit Kumar, director of Globe Detective Agency.

A factor driving premarital investigations is the growing number of cases in which foreigners of Indian descent marry and then disappear, often taking huge dowries with them. It happens to 30,000 brides every year in northern Punjab state alone, according to India’s National Commission for Women.

Ten conspiracy theories for nerds (or conspiracy theory theory)

Not your usual cup of tea, here is one of them:

The Simulation Argument. This is legion in popular culture from “The Matrix” and “Inception” and other sci-fi, so we’ll just refer you to Nick Bostrom’s formulation of it. In theory we could tell the difference if something happened in the manner of The Truman Show where a light labeled “Sirius” falls from the sky. But are there any such events?

We offer one complexity-related observation. Although it is routine to say that classes like {\mathsf{P}} and {\mathsf{BQP}} have universal simulation, this isn’t strictly true. The universal function for {\mathsf{P}} doesn’t belong to {\mathsf{P}}—if it did, then {\mathsf{P}} would be in some fixed polynomial time bound, which it isn’t. Although proving this is technically murkier for “random” or “promise” classes like {\mathsf{BQP}}, the essential idea holds for any reasonable complexity class. Thus a universal simulation involves dropping down to a lower grade than the resources on which you draw. If our universe is convincingly universal, perhaps this is a well-motivated reason to reject the argument.

Perhaps the conspiracy is that so many people are intent on getting us to believe the simulation hypothesis.  Here is another one:

{\bullet } Factoring Really Is Easy. This is similar to the last, but now they can factor in polynomial time on a laptop, rather than need a quantum computer. Ken and I think this one has a much higher prior, almost on the order of “Breaking Engima Really Is Easy” in 1939.

If I understand properly, that is from a collaborative post from Pip and Ken Regan.

The Supreme Court and ACA

I liked Will’s post, these comments from John Cochrane, Ross Douthat, Megan McArdle, and these remarks by Ezra, among others.  See also Krauthammer.  A few points:

1. Trust is higher now, and that is worth something, even if like me you never favored the mandate segment of ACA.

2. Implicit in some of these writings is the notion of “contingent on the fact that Roberts upheld ACA.”  You might have thought ex ante: “I don’t think Roberts should uphold ACA.”  But Roberts is a smart and savvy guy, smarter and savvier than most of us and of course better informed about the Court than just about anyone.  You could have held this view ex ante and still now hold: “Conditional on the fact that Roberts upheld ACA, I should think he did the right thing.”

Hardly anyone employs that line of reasoning, but that is a sign of our irrationality.

3. The Court maximizing or at least defending its prestige is sometimes necessary, even in a well-established constitutional democracy.  The Court is not there to do what you want it to, or even necessarily to do what is right.  Get used to that.

4. You may have noticed that I haven’t blogged the legal challenge to ACA all year.  I think that plenty of what our government does is unconstitutional; just remember back to when an amendment was considered necessary for “The War against Alcohol”.  But I’ve also long considered health care policy a matter to be settled by the legislature not the courts.  Those are the modern rules of the game, for better or worse, and all along I have thought that trying to live outside those rules was a fool’s errand of sorts.

5. The Republican Party, by the way, still doesn’t have a coherent alternative for health care reform, nor do they seem willing to embrace many of the better parts of ACA, such as (partially) deregulating dentistry or the Medicare Advisory Board.  Romney seems to want to replace the mandate with more expensive tax credits.  Furthermore, I believe that many Republican legislators would rather run against an unpopular Obamacare than to have to craft an actual, legislate-able alternative.

6. I still believe the mandate segment of ACA will prove unworkable, but I won’t be expecting the courts to fix that.

7. I don’t vouch for this, but it is an angle I had not considered: “Making the mandate a tax has at least one other effect. It makes repeal easier. Now that the mandate has been deemed taxation, it can likely be jettisoned through use of the reconciliation process — meaning the Senate will need to muster only a bare majority for repeal, not 60 votes.”

8. I do think the Medicaid alterations in the Court’s decision will prove a big deal.  I am well aware that the large federal subsidies mean it still makes financial sense for states to continue with the program and the various extensions embedded in ACA.  But overall the program is not popular, and bringing it into the limelight in this fashion will go a long way toward making that common knowledge.  Most of the coverage extension under ACA came through Medicaid, I saw that as in danger in the first place, and now all the more so.

Euro auction markets in everything (a good start)

…an entire Tuscan village has gone up for sale on eBay.

Nestled among oaks at 850 metres altitude and blessed with stunning views over the Casentino valley, the medieval village of Pratariccia has stood empty for 50 years, ever since its population of farmers and shepherds abandoned their stone cottages for factory jobs during Italy‘s economic boom.

Now the owners of the remote village – reportedly a religious order – are seeking to cash in with an online sale.

“They tried and failed to sell the village through agencies for years but have got a lot of attention by putting Pratariccia on eBay and should get a result,” said Luca Santini, mayor of nearby Stia, who walked in the woods around the village as a child picking mushrooms.

There is more information here, hat tip goes to @grahamfarmelow.